Analog Habitats & Research Institutions
Explore facilities for astronaut training and space research.
Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS)
Utah, USA
A full-scale Mars surface exploration analog, operated by the Mars Society. It supports geological and biological field studies in a Mars-like environment.
Desert
HI-SEAS (Hawaiʻi Space Exploration Analog and Simulation)
Mauna Loa, Hawaii, USA
Located on a Mars-like site, HI-SEAS is a habitat for analog missions that simulate long-duration space exploration. It focuses on crew composition and cohesion.
Volcanic
Aquarius Reef Base
Florida Keys, USA
The world's only undersea research station. Aquarius provides an analog for space missions, particularly for studying the effects of isolation and extreme environments on the human body.
Underwater
Concordia Station
Antarctica
A French-Italian research facility on the Antarctic Plateau. It is one of the most remote and isolated places on Earth, making it an excellent analog for long-duration spaceflights.
Polar